Ultra - Low - Frequency Magnetospheric Physics : Scale - Interactive Processes Involving Global Dynamics , Boundary and Internal Resonance Layers , Magnetosphere - Ionosphere Coupling , and Particle Energization

Objectives and Methodology: A critical-mass research effort will explore and advance theoretical understanding of the causal agents, coupling, scale -interactions, and particle kinetics of magnetospheric and ionospheric variability in the ultra-low-frequency regime (from less than 1 mHz up to 1 Hz). Magnetotail oscillations (periods of 10-60 min), magnetospheric boundary and dayside merging pulsations (1-10 min), geomagnetic cavity and field line eigenmodes (0.5-10 min), and auroral resonator/cavity dynamics (5-30 sec) will be investigated via